雌孕激素与子宫内膜容受性

The successful implantation process involves a coordinated dialogue between the blastocyst with implantation competence and the endometrium in its receptive state. Under the influence of endocrine hormones (estrogen and progesterone) and embryo-derived signals, the endometrium enters a state suitable for embryo implantation, known as uterine receptivity. This state is maintained only during a brief period referred to as the "implantation window." In mice, the synergistic effects of estrogen and progesterone spatiotemporally regulate the proliferation and differentiation of uterine cells to establish receptivity. During early pregnancy in mice, estrogen secreted during the estrous cycle induces extensive proliferation of uterine epithelial cells. Starting from gestation day 3, progesterone synthesized in large quantities following the formation of functional corpus luteum post-ovulation suppresses epithelial cell proliferation while promoting differentiation, and simultaneously induces substantial stromal cell proliferation. Estrogen and progesterone primarily exert transcriptional regulation in endometrial cells through their respective nuclear receptors ER and PR. The realization of uterine physiological responses to hormonal effects also involves epithelial-stromal cross-talk. Additionally, specific cofactors in different uterine cell types participate in regulating the expression levels and transcriptional activity of hormone receptors. This report primarily introduces our team's in vivo functional studies using transgenic mouse models to investigate key regulatory factors in the endometrium. We have identified novel factors involved in the regulation of estrogen and progesterone receptor levels at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. Furthermore, through molecular biological approaches, we have identified specific transcription factors in endometrial stromal cells that cooperatively mediate hormone signal-induced gene expression changes.